| What do you think about biotransformation, and about the enzymatic degradation of mycotoxins, what our competitors are using now? |
Enzymes do have a place in mycotoxin mitigation but the enzyme has to be stable during feed processing and capable of degrading mycotoxins in the gut. Also enzymes should not product more toxix metabolites than the parent mycotoxins. |
| Would you see increasing incidence of emerging mycotoxins or just the analytical methods evolved in the way that we are actually able to see their presence in feed and food? And basically they were always present in feed but we were juts not testing for them in the past? |
You are right. It is the better analytical method but also new mycotoxins may be emerging due to climate change. |
| For feedmills, should they always use toxin binders in feed to avoid the risk of mycotoxins or just use when they find the contamination in feed/raw materials (by testing) |
Use all the time as mycotoxin toxicity is chronic and not acute.. |
| What are the limit levels of DON and ZEA inTMR for dairy cow? |
450 and 50ppb respectively for DON and ZEA in TMR |
| I would like to ask if, year by year, the collection of all of this data gave us the opportunity to detect some specific mycotoxin trends and so we are able to predict what we could see in the early future (2022 prediction, for example) |
Yes, we can. Generally the previous year harvest will be used for 4 to 6 months of the new year. |
| Regarding pet food contaminations, pet food is made by feedmills and packed, also they eat in home or cage. why high contami was detected ? raw materials already contaminated ? |
Yes, raw materials already contaminated in the field while crops are grown. Once mycotoxins are formed, organic acids or heat treatment will not kill them. On top of this, if pet food is not stored properly, then storage mycotoxins will also be produced. |
| I’ve searched different articles about DON. As far as I know HSCAS are not able to bind DON, but it is also one of the most common toxin in the field. So what would be the solution? |
The best suggestion is to strengthen the gut health and immune systems which are mainly affected by DON. Some enzymes are also studied for their ability to degrade DON but practical utilization needs to be evaluated. |
| How much toxins are bind with clay base Bentonite toxin binder and Organic yeast based oxin binders? |
It depends up on the mycotoxin in question. The binding capacity of bentonite can differ per mycotoxin. This is why it is important to mitigate mycotoxins beyond binding alone. It requires an integrated approach. |
| what is the trusted fastest easy method to evaluate row material or finish feed in our factory? |
ELISA quantitative method like Mycomaster. |
| which limit of detection and permited concentraion ( residue)we need to rely on ( usa or eu refrence as they differ specially for antibiotic residue) |
Our advise is to use our practical guidance values, instead of regulatory limits, as those tend to be higher than the levels of where mycotoxins may start to impact animal health and performance. |
| Please kindly let me know why EU has higher level of mycotoxin contamination than Asai. |
It depends up on the type of mycotoxins. In general aflatoxins are more common in Asia but DON and ZEA are more common in Europe. Also some times we see higher contamination of aflatoxins in Europe because they use more sensitive analytical methods. |
| Is the higher level of contamination in EU related with silage feeding? |
Possible for dairy. |
| A part from Aflatoxin, what do you consider as the most dangerous toxins for ruminants? What signs can we look at on farm as indicators of a feed contamination with this/these toxins? |
DON, ZEA. Look for feed intake issues, decrease in milk production, increased soamtic cell counts and poor reproduction. |
| You consider effects of individual mycotoxins. What are the synergies between different mycotoxins and how shall we interpret the sum of toxicity? |
There are various levels of synergies between mycotoxins. Too many to mention here now. But we should always convert all toxin effects into one toxin effect. |
| When a customers focus on poultry which 3 mycotoxins should be main focus testing in mycomaster? |
Afla, Ochra and DON |
| Can Mycomaster be used to detect Mycotoxin in complete feed? |
Yes |
| What is the max number of samples that can be ran through 1 Mycomaster per week? |
up to 400 if done continuously. |
| There is a lot of data on livestock species, is there any data on Companion Animal species? |
Some data, but more will be generated next year. |
