Selko Research Article | Preweaning nutrient supply improves lactation productivity and reduced the risk of culling in Holstein cows
This study aimed to investigate the impact of preweaning nutrient intake on milk production of the 2 first lactations, risk of culling and metabolomic profiles in dairy cows fed a restricted (RES) or an elevated (ELE) milk supply preweaning.
Selko Research Article | Effects of preweaning milk allowance on long-term metabolism in Holstein heifers
Suboptimal preweaning nutrition of dairy calves has been causally associated with impaired adult metabolic health and lactation performance. However, the biological mechanisms linking early life nutrient supply and future performance remain insufficiently understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize growth, reproductive performance, glucose metabolism, and the metabolic profile of growing heifers fed a restricted (RES) or an elevated (ELE) milk supply preweaning.
TRS 115 TM IntelliBond | Selko IntelliBond® C is more available than copper sulphate in the presence of dietary antagonists in the rumen of cattle
Copper antagonists, such as molybdenum and sulphur, are frequently found in ruminant diets of beef and dairy cattle. In the rumen, these antagonists can interact with reactive dietary copper to form complexes called thiomolybdates. Thiomolybdates are so tightly bound, that the metal cannot easily be absorbed
and is mostly excreted in faeces. Selko IntelliBond C is a bioavailable copper source that is less reactive in the rumen compared to copper sulphate. A trial carried out by the North Carolina State University showed that copper in Selko IntelliBond interacted less with molybdenum and sulphur in the rumen, and thus remained available for absorption within the intestinal tract. Based on plasma copper, Selko IntelliBond C tended to be 32 percent more available than copper sulphate. Based on liver copper, Selko IntelliBond C was 96 percent more available than copper sulphate. It was concluded that Selko IntelliBond C is more available than copper sulphate when supplemented to diets moderate in copper antagonists such as molybdenum and sulphur.
TRS 52 TM IntelliBond | Selko® IntelliBond® Z is more bioavailable than zinc sulphate in beef steers
Selko IntelliBond ydroxy trace minerals have low reactivity in water, but they are solubilised under acidic conditions typical of those found in the abomasum of ruminants. Low reactivity in the rumen prevents negative interactions between minerals and antagonists that reduce intestinal absorption of the mineral. A trial was carried out to test if supplementing a more bioavailable source of zinc following a depletion period would improve zinc status over less bioavailable sources. Sixteen steers were fed a corn and cottonseed hull-based diet without supplemental zinc for 14 days in order to cause partial zinc depletion.
Following the depletion period, steers were randomly assigned to a treatment consisting of 25 ppm supplemental zinc as either zinc sulphate or Selko IntelliBond Z. Feeding Selko IntelliBond Z decreased faecal zinc excretion, increased apparent absorption and retention of zinc, and increased plasma zinc concentrations. Selko IntelliBond Z was greater than two times more bioavailable than zinc sulphate following a 14 day depletion period.
TRS 51 TM IntelliBond | Selko IntelliBond trace minerals improve embryo integrity in highly productive dairy cows
Reproductive efficiency of dairy cows is a major factor affecting profitability of a dairy farm. Studies have shown that the requirement for manganese is higher for reproduction than for growth. Zinc can have a positive effect on oocyte and embryo quality. In a study carried out at UC Davis, the effect of Selko IntelliBond Z, C and M on embryo integrity of high production dairy cows was compared with the effect of a blend on Selko IntelliBond C, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate and organic zinc. Dairy cows supplemented with Selko IntelliBond had a reduced proportion of degenerated embryos and the percentage of cows yielding greater than 80% good quality embryos was higher in the group of dairy cows fed Selko IntelliBond. An improvement of embryo quality in dairy cows may result in an increase of conception rates of dairy cattle.
TRS 11 HP LactiBute | Effects of feeding Selko LactiBute on milk production in a commercial dairy herd
Feeding Selko® LactiBute® to dairy cows on a dairy farm increases milk yield by 1.15 kg and increases fat percentage of the milk by 0.15%.
Selko ADSA Abstract | Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in milk replacer on gastrointestinal physiology
Wilms et al. 2024. ADSA. West Palm Beach, FL, US. Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in milk replacer on gastrointestinal physiology
Selko ADSA Abstract | Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in milk replacer enhances feed intake, growth and modulates the metabolic profile
Wilms et al. 2024. ADSA. West Palm Beach, FL, US. Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in milk replacer enhances feed intake, growth and modulates the metabolic profile
Selko ADSA Abstract | Lipid metabolism in calves fed milk replacers differing in fat composition
Leite et al. 2024. ADSA. West Palm Beach, FL, US. Lipid metabolism in calves fed milk replacers differing in fat composition
Selko ASAS Abstract | Interaction between colostrum and milk replacer supply on growth, development and fecal consistency of dairy surplus calves
Echeverry-Munera et al. 2024. ASAS Annual Meeting. Calgary, Canada. Interaction between colostrum and milk replacer supply on growth, development and fecal consistency of dairy surplus calves
Selko BSAS Abstract | Interaction between colostrum and milk replacer supply on growth and gastrointestinal development of dairy surplus calves
Echeverry-Munera et al. 2024. BSAS. Belfast, Northern Ireland. Interaction between colostrum ad milk replacer supply on growth and gastrointestinal development of dairy surplus calves
Selko EAAP Abstract | Reducing the omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio in milk replacers modulates feed intake behavior and growth in calves fed ad libitum
Pellissier de Féligonde et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy. Reducing the omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio in milk replacers modulates feed intake behavior and growth in calves fed ad libitum
Selko EAAP Abstract | Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in MR modulates postprandial metabolism in calves
Henry, Wilms et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy. Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids in MR modulates postprandial metabolism in calves
Selko EAAP Abstract | Serum lipidome profiling of dairy calves fed high-fat milk replacers containing animal or vegetable fats
Ghaffari et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy. Serum lipidome profiling of dairy calves fed high-fat milk replacers containing animal or vegetable fats
Selko EAAP Abstract | Evaluating early life feeding strategies on the development and health of pre-weaned surplus calves
Echeverry-Munera et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy. Evaluating early life feeding strategies on the development and health of pre-weaned surplus calves
Selko EAAP Abstract | Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids into MR for calves fed twice daily
Castro et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids into MR for calves fed twice daily
Selko EAAP Abstract | Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids into milk replacer fed to newborn calves
Castro et al. 2024. EAAP. Florence, Italy. Incorporation of butyric and caproic acids into milk replacer fed to newborn calves
Selko Research Article | Incorporation of Tributyrin and Tricaproin into Milk Replacer on Intake, Growth, and Health of Holstein Calves
Castro et al. (2025). Incorporation of Tributyrin and Tricaproin into Milk Replacer on Intake, Growth, and Health of Holstein Calves
Selko Research Article | The administration route of indigestible gut permeability markers modulates urinary marker recovery in calves
Barozier & Wilms et al. (2024) The administration route of indigestible gut permeability markers modulates urinary marker recovery in calves Add a new link
Selko Research Article | Fat composition in milk replacer modulates plasma cholesterol of dairy calves
Leite et al. (2025) Fat composition in milk replacer modulates plasma cholesterol of dairy calves
Selko Research Article | Performance, nutrient digestibilities, and metabolic profiles of Holstein calves fed whole milk or milk replacer at two feeding levels.
Chapelain et al. (2025) Performance, nutrient digestibilities, and metabolic profiles of Holstein calves fed whole milk or milk replacer at two feeding levels.
Selko ASAS Abstract PSX-20 | Effects of a phytogenic supplement fed pre- and post-calving, on colostrum and milk yield, quality, and cow-calf performance.
Phytogenic feed additives can improve feed quality, animal health, and the quality of animal products through the enhancement of various physiological processes. Selko Fytera Secure has been shown to improve colostrum quality and passive immune transfer in swine. Purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of a phytogenic supplement (a blend of turmeric, capsicum, and pepper extracts in a fatcarrier), fed pre- and post-calving, on colostrum and milk yield, quality, and cow-calf performance. Results of this study show that feeding a phytogenic supplement 30 d pre-calving up to 60 d post-calving increased the amount of fat in milk without impacting cow/calf performance. Effects on colostrum quality and weaning weight of calves were reported seperately.
TRS 195 TM IntelliBond | Effects of source of trace minerals on uterine heath and fertility of lactating dairy cows
A study carried out by Professor Santos at the University of Florida proved that Feeding Selko® IntelliBond® reduces postpartum diseases incidence, improves cow survival rate at 305 days in milk and to increases ECM yield of dairy cows. The purpose of the current study was to investigate if feeding Selko® IntelliBond® during the transition period also results in an improvement of uterine heath and fertility. Replacing the use of sulfate trace minerals with Selko® IntelliBond® C, Z and M resulted in a reduction of retained fetal membranes and a reduction uterine disease of dairy cows. Feeding Selko® IntelliBond® also results in an improvement in fertility and an increase in the pregnancy rate at 305 DIM.
TRS 194 TM IntelliBond | Evaluation of various competitive mineral sources within a 48 hour in-vitro, fermentation system
Previous studies have shown that when Selko® IntelliBond® trace mineral forms are used to replace inorganic, organic and alternative hydroxy trace mineral (HTM) sources, rumen function and bio-efficacy of dairy and beef cattle can be improved. An improvement in rumen function, resulting in an increase in animal production efficiency will result in a reduction of methane production within the rumen and will thus reduce the carbon footprint of a farm. A trial using the Fermetrics system showed that supplementation of Selko® IntelliBond® Z, M and C significantly reduces methane emissions relative to control while maintaining optimized rumen function. Not all HTM forms were similar in their ability to both optimize rumen function while reducing methane emissions in lactating dairy cattle. Selko® IntelliBond® hydroxy trace mineral is a
superior trace HTM source.
TRS 170 TM IntelliBond | Effects of trace mineral and forage sources on trace mineral solubility, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility
Solubility in rumen fluid of a dairy cow and NDF digestibility of Selko® IntelliBond® Z and M trace mineral sources were compared with sulphate trace mineral sources in a in-vitro system. Daily average concentrations of soluble zinc and manganese in the Selko IntelliBond samples was low in comparison to sulphate sources. NDF digestibility numerically improves when Selko® IntelliBond® replaced sulfate sourced trace minerals.
TRS 193 TM IntelliBond | Methane production in a Fermentrics in-vitro system of Selko IntelliBond and sulphatess trace mineral sources
Previous studies have shown that when Selko® IntelliBond® trace mineral forms are used to completely replace the use of sulphate trace mineral sources, NDF digestibility is improved. This effect would indicate that the production of methane within the rumen should be reduced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sulphate trace mineral sources versus Selko® IntelliBond® trace mineral forms on methane emissions originating from the rumen.Selko® IntelliBond® Z, C and M were effective at significantly reducing methane emission within the Fermentrics fermentation system, relative to sulfate trace mineral sources, which had no impact on lowering methane emissions apart from zinc sulfate which tended to increase methane emissions. Feeding Selko IntelliBond could potentially reduce the carbon footprint of dairy and beef farms.
TRS 186 TM IntelliBond | Effects of Zn and Mn source on 48 hour in-vitro fermentation factors
Prior research has shown that Selko IntelliBond trace mineral sources are largely insoluble in the rumen, resulting in a significant reduction of free metal ions. In addition to functioning as a strong rumen antagonist, free metal ions can negatively impact rumen flora that is responsible for fibre digestion. Feeding Selko IntelliBond TMs may therefore improve rumen fermentation resulting in improved fiber digestibility. The Fermentrics® system has proven to be very effective for reviewing ingredients, total mixed rations and feed additives. Selko IntelliBond Z and Selko IntelliBond M both had a positive impact on rumen fermentation when compared with alternative TM sources.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Rumen protected calcium gluconate improves milk production of cows
Calcium gluconate is a prebiotic that increases butyrate levels in the hindgut, reducing the risk of leaky gut. Trials have shown that abomasal infusion of calcium gluconate increases milk production. Trials in research farms and in commercial farms have shown that feeding Selko LactiBute rumen protected calcium gluconate increases the production of energy corrected milk. Purpose of this trial was to test the effect of Selko LactiBute on 2 commercial farms in Poland.
TRS 14 HP LactiBute | Feeding Selko LactiBute to dairy cows improves lactational performance and fertility of a dairy herd in South Africa
A trial was executed on a 540-cow farm with 81% Holstein genetics and 19% Jerseys Cows were fed Selko LactiBute during the close-up period of 21 days and during the entire lactation. Performance and fertility parameters and locomotion scores were monitored before and during the period that Selko LactiBute was fed. Feeding Selko LactiBute
increased production of Energy Corrected Milk by 0.57 kg/day, reduced the lameness score of the cows in the herd and reduced the number of open days in the heifers.
TRS 13 HP LactiBute | Feeding Selko LactiBute to cows in commercial herds in Italy results in an improvement of lactational performance
The effect of feeding Selko LactiBute was tested in a total of 2,339 cows in 12 commercial herds in Italy. Farms had between 90 and 400 lactating cows. Selko LactiBute was
fed for a period between 30 and 90 days. Production parameters were recorded before, during and after the period Selko LactiBute was fed. Feeding Selko LactiBute resulted in an average increase of milk fat production of 63 g/day and an average increase of milk protein production by 32 g/day. Average increase od Energy Corrected Milk production was 1.63 kg/day.
TRS 12 HP LactiBute | Selko LactiBute improves lactational performance of commercial dairy herds in North America
Trials with Selko LactiBute in commercial dairy farms around the world have shown an increase of Energy Corrected Milk production ranging from 0.8 to 3.4 kg. The effect of feeding Selko LactiBute was tested in a total of 4,715 dairy cows in 62 commercial farms and 3 research farms in Canada and the US. Milk production before and after a
period of feeding Selko LactiBute was compared on each of the 62 commercial farms. Variation between responses in individual farms was significant. A meta-analysis suggests an increase of Energy Corrected Milk of 1.36 kg/cow/day. Average milk solid production in the dairy cows included in the trials increased by 97 g/day, with an increase of milk fat production of 57 g/day and an increase of milk protein production of 40 g/day.
TRS 10 HP LactiBute | Effects of pre-partum and post-partum feeding of Selko LactiBute on lactation performance in a commercial dairy herd
Trials carried out with Selko LactiBute in research centres or in commercial dairy farms have proven that feeding 16 g/cow/day of Selko LactiBute improves lactation performance. In the current study, the effect of feeding Selko LactiBute to dairy cows in a commercial herd in Mexico on lactation performance and fertility was tested. A total of 164 multiparous dairy
cows were included in the trial in a 2 x 2 factorial treatment in which feeding Selko LactiBute was compared to feeding the same diet without Selko LactiBute. Feeding Selko® LactiBute during the postpartum period resulted in an improvement of lactation performance of about 0.8 kg of ECM per day. Prepartum supplementation of Selko LactiBute resulted in an improvement of fertilit, time to confirmed pregnancy in lactating multiparous Holstein dairy cattle was reduced by 11.1 days.
TRS 09 HP LactiBute | Effects of Selko LactiBute on lactation performance in multiple commercial dairy herds in the Netherlands
Feeding Selko LactiBute to 907 dairy cows on 6 Dutch commercial farms was first compared to a negative control group. Next to that, the production in both the Selko LactiBute group and the control group was compared to their gentic potential. Actual production of dairy cows on Selko LactiBute when compared to controls and actual production of Selko LactiBute animals compared to their genetic potential vs. control animals compared to their genetic potential suggest that feeding Selko LactiBute to dairy cattle results in an increase of 0.8-1.0 kg of Energy Corrected Milk per day.
TRS 08 HP LactiBute | Effect of Selko LactiBute on lactation performance in dairy cows
Trials have proven that feeding 16 g/cow/day of Selko LactiBute for a period of 28 days improves lactational performance of dairy cows. The current study showed that feeding Selko LactiBute during the close-up period and the full lactation resulted in an improvement of lactational performance of dairy cows. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield both increased as a result of supplementation with Selko LactiBute, leading to significant increase of Energy Corrected Milk of 3.5 kg/day during the first 8 weeks of lactation. This may be related to an additional consumption of 1.37 kg of dry matter during this period in the animals supplemented with Selko LactiBute.
TRS 06 HP LactiBute | Supplementation of Selko LactiBute improves milk fat content and milk yield in Holstein dairy cattle
Hindgut acidosis is a common problem in transition dairy cows. Dose finding studies with abomasal infusion of calcium gluconate have shown an effect on lactational performance of dairy cows. A trial was carried out in 46 Holstein cattle. Lactational responses to feeding 0, 16 or 25 g/d of Selko LactiBute for periods of 28 days were tested in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. Production responses were observed in the cows fed Selko LactiBute at 16 g/day, but not at 25 g/day. Feeding Selko LactiBute increased milk fat content, milk fat yield, ECM and FCM yield per day and feed efficiency in the dairy cows.
TRS 05 HP LactiBute | Impact of Selko LactiBute on volatile fatty acid production in the hindgut of ruminants
In a trial performed at the University of Georgia, the impact of feeding Selko LactiBute on gastro-intestinal microbiome and on volatile fatty acid levels in the hindgut of cattle was tested. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, significant changes were recorded in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the steers fed Selko LactiBute. The trial also showed that Selko LactiBute increased acetate and propionate levels in the cecum, colon and rectum, and butyrate levels in the colon of cattle. Butyrate is known to have a positive effect on hindgut health of cattle.
TRS 04 HP LactiBute | Abomasal infusion of calcium gluconate improves lactational performance of dairy cows
Hindgut acidosis is a common problem in dairy cows during their transition period. Calcium gluconate the active ingredient of Selko LactiBute, is known to have beneficial effects in the
hindgut of several species. For it to be effective in ruminants, it needs to be delivered in the lower GI‑tract. The impact of abomasal infusion of calcium gluconate was tested in two trials in which calcium gluconate was infused into the abomasum and compared to one trial in which calcium gluconate was fed directly via TMR. It was concluded that calcium gluconate can improve lactational performance of dairy cows, but it needs to be fed to ruminants in such a way that the rumen is by-passed.
TRS 03 HP LactiBute | Selko LactiBute improves milk production on 2 Polish farms
Feeding Selko® LactiBute, has been shown to enhance milk production and and supports hindgut health of dairy cows. Previous trials on research and commercial farms have demonstrated
increased milk production from Selko® LactiBute. In the current trial its efficacy on two dairy farms in Poland was tested. On farm 1: Milk production cows fed Selko® LactiBute produced an
average of 2.35 kg more milk per cow per day through and average production of Energy Corrected Milk (ECM) increased by 2.77 kg per cow per day. On farm 2, over the entire lactation period, cows fed Selko LactiBute produced an average of 1.85 kg more milk per cow per day.
Selko Research Article | Selko Intellibond improves performance in beef with feed restriction on high starch diets
Replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of trace minerals modulated the growth performance and plasma indicators of inflammation and energy metabolism in beef heifers during periods of feed restriction and adaptation to a high-starch diet
TRS 02 HP LactiBute | Rumen protected calcium gluconate boosts milk production in dairy cows on three French farms
Trials in research farms have shown that Selko LactiBute, a patented formulation containing rumen protected calcium gluconate, improves lactation performance of dairy cows. Milk production of dairy cows on 3 French dairy farms was compared to their genetic potential. Before the start of the trial, production on all 3 farms was equal to the predicted production based on genetic potential. Persistence of milk production improved during the period cows were fed Selko LactiBute. Once Selko LactiBute was stopped, milk production dropped to a level at or even below the predicted genetic potential. Feeding Selko LactiBute to dairy cows resulted in a better performance compared to the genetic production potential of these dairy cows.
Selko ASAS abstract PSII-4 | Effects of Late Gestation Supplementation of Vitamin B Complex for Beef Cows
Vitamin B supplementation of beef cattle is often taken for granted, assuming that rumen microbes produce sufficient levels of vitamin B to meet beef cattle requirements for B vitamins. If this is not the case, vitamin B supplementation of beef cattle can have beneficial effects. A study carried out by Dr. Juliana Ranches at the Oregon State University showed that calves born out of dams that were supplemented with Selko Vivalto, a supplement containing rumen protected vitamin B, during late gestation and early lactation tended to be heavier at turnout.
TRS 191 TM IntelliBond | Effects of source of trace minerals on health and survival of dairy cows
IntelliBond hydroxy trace mineral are largely insoluble in the rumen of dairy cattle. Compared to feeding sulphates, feeding Selko IntelliBond to dairy cattle results in lower levels of free metal ions in the rumen which has a positive effect on rumen function and dairy cow performance, health and longevity. In a study carried out by Professor Santos at the University of Florida, feeding Selko IntelliBond resulted in a significant reduction of retained placenta and morbidity, an improvement of fertility and a significant reduction in culling rates of 12%. This reduction of culling rates of dairy cows was attributed to a reduction of disease incidence in the period immediately after calving, and improvement of lactational performance and an improvement of fertility.
TRS 171 TM IntelliBond: Replacing sulphate based trace minerals with Selko IntelliBond can significantly improve total mixed ration essential nutrient stability and availability while optimizing rumen digestibility
High rumen solubility of essential trace minerals for dairy and beef cattle can result in binding with essential ration nutrients, eliminating their availability to the animal and reducing the level of essential trace metal that is available for absorption in the lower GI tract. High levels of trace metal ions in the rumen of dairy and beef cattle can also result in a reduction of fibre digesting microbes, reducing ration digestibility. The solubility of Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals in a TMR for dairy cattle was compared to the solubility of sulphate trace minerals in a TMR for dairy cattle. The results of this trial show that Selko IntelliBond maintains its structural integrity within a TMR, which will result in an improved stability within the rumen. This will result in a reduction in the level of free trace metals within the rumen and a reduction of negative interactions with rumen antagonists and rumen microbes responsible for optimizing fiber digestibility.
TRS 190 TM IntelliBond | The effect of trace minerals source on lactational performance of dairy transition cows
Hydroxy trace mineral sources are largely insoluble in the rumen, resulting in a significant reduction of free metal ions. Free metal ions can negatively impact ruminal flora. In-dept research has proven that feeding Selko IntelliBond trace minerals to dairy cows results in an improvement of fibre digestibility, dairy cow health and longevity, feed efficiency and lactational performance. In the current study, carried out by Professor Santos at the University of Florida, the number of dairy cows included was much higher and the period during which both trace mineral sources were compared was much longer compared to earlier studies carried out in dairy cows. Feeding Selko IntelliBond resulted in a 2% improvement in feed efficiency, a 19% increase in cow colostrum production and a 1.5 kg rise in energy-corrected milk (ECM), throughout the full 105 days of lactation during which Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace meinerals were fed.
TRS 06 FS TMR | Selko-TMR increases dry matter intake and milk production
Micro-organisms that are present in a TMR for dairy cattle can very rapidly cause fermentation. Yeasts in a TMR or dairy cattle can multiply very rapidly, thereby reducing the nutritional value of the dairy feed and causing heating of the TMR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Selko-TMR on dry matter intake and milk production of dairy kept cows under warm conditions in Mexico. Addition of Selko-TMR to a TMR of dairy cows had a positive effect on the roughage intake of dairy cows, resulting in a small increase of milk production.
Selko ASAS Abstract 360 | Effect of the administration of a protected source of calcium gluconate on growth, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and health in beef cattle
It is now recognized that the hindgut of beef cattle is involved in the onset of some metabolic issues, normally associated with ruminal imbalances. Thus, improving feed efficiency and health of beef cattle by targeting the hindgut is gaining interest in beef cattle nutrition. Professor Rossi from the University of Milan performed a study in which he tested the effects of Selko LactiBute, a protected source of calcium gluconate on performance, digestibility, and health in beef cattle. Feeding Selko LactiBute improved average daily gain, feed conversion rate and total tract digestibility of starch, cellulose and NDF and reduced the incidence of lameness of beef cattle.
Selko ASAS Abstract 21 | Trace mineral nutrition for grain-fed feedlot cattle.
Trace minerals are essential dietary components for feedlot cattle. They are integral components for normal carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism of beef cattle and have been shown to be involved in hormone production, immunity, oxidation/ reduction reactions, and cellular homeostasis. Trace minerals typically supplemented to feedlot cattle diets are cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). Although chromium (Cr) is not considered an essential nutrient in the NASEM guidelines for beef cattle, it is currently being included in some feedlot diets for beef cattle. Huey Yi Loh and Dr. John Wagner from the Colorado State University discuss different approaches to supplementing grain-fed feedlot cattle with trace minerals. Increasing trace mineral concentrations above published requirements for beef cattle does not always improve feedlot performance and carcass characteristics but has been reported, in some studies, to increase dry matter intake and average daily gain during certain intervals of the feeding period.
Selko ASAS Abstract 363 | Effects of supplementation of vitamin B complex on the performance of beef calves during a 42-d preconditioning program.
The effects of post weaning supplementation of Selko Vivalto vitamin B complex on post-weaning performance of beef calves were studied. Supplementation of vitamin B complex to beef calves post-weaning does not seem to affect calf performance, regardless of the level of supplementation.
Selko ASAS Abstract 28 | Integrating homeostasis in practical mineral supplementation recommendations
A long-established objective in ruminant nutrition is an accurate supply of the 4 main trace metal nutrients Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe, respecting bioavailability, nutritional interactions, and nutrient tolerance. Mitigating deficiency risks by generous supplementation can however result in exceeding tolerable trace metal availability. A stochastic analysis of native dietary supply and nutrient requirements and the identification of the upper and lower boundaries of homeostatic regulation for these 4 nutrients in the bovine species was carried out. This approach resulted in much lower supplementation recommendations than current reference models and illustrates the risk of exceeding trace metal tolerance boundaries with common levels of supplementation under common conditions. It offers a novel perspective to trace metal supplementation of beef and dairy cattle, pointing at an opportunity to improve nutritional adequacy by reconsidering supplementation practices.
Selko ASAS Abstract 27 | Effects of particle size and trace mineral source on vitamin stability in a premix for cattle
Trace minerals and vitamins for cattle can become especially important when animals are challenged. These ingredients are commonly added to beef and dairy diets through a concentrated premix. Unfortunately, vitamins are relatively unstable, and minerals are highly reactive, leading to reduction of vitamin levels because of interaction with minerals. Feeding a mineral of a different particle size or from a different source, for example Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals, can reduce this negative interaction. Vitamin A stability in the presence of different sources of trace minerals for ruminants was tested. Moisture and particle size had a huge impact on vitamin A stability. Adding an antioxidant only partly reduced this problem. Hydroxy trace minerals were found to be less reactive, resulting in a higher vitamin A stability in cattle premixes.
Selko ASAS Abstract 26 | Trace minerals to improve bull fertility.
Bull fertility is paramount for reproductive success in cow-calf production systems. There are a variety of factors that influence bull fertility. Trace mineral recommendations for beef have been established for growing and finishing steers, as well as lactating and pregnant cows, yet no specific requirements have been established for young or mature beef bulls. Dr. Pedro Fontes from the University of Georgia presents an overview of the research in young or mature beef bulls. Studies in beef cattle have shown that the use of Selko IntelliBond hydroxychloride-based trace minerals results in greater liver concentrations of Zn and Cu compared with sul¬phate sources for beef cattle. While evidence indicates that trace min¬eral status has an important role in bull fertility, further research is required to better understand the contributions of trace minerals to semen quality of beef bulls. In addition, investigating the impact of trace mineral sources with greater bioavailability on semen quality may result in the development of practical recommendations that optimize bull fertility in cow calf operations for beef cattle.
Selko ASAS Abstract 25 | Copper, manganese, and zinc source and concentration in free-choice mineral supplements influence production throughout three cow-calf production cycles.
Dr. Terry Engle from the Colorado State University and Dr. Jerry W. Spears from North Carolina State University studied the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source and concentration in free-choice mineral supplements for beef cattle on mineral status, reproduction, and performance of grazing beef cows and their offspring over 3 production cycles. Selko IntelliBond hydroxy Cu, Zn, and Mn supplementation of beef cattle during 3 production cycles improved Cu, Zn, Mn liver status of beef cattle, pregnancy rate to AI, and actual weaning weights of beef calves compared with sulfate sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn.
Selko ASAS Abstract 24 | Maternal supplementation with different sources of trace minerals to beef cattle and its effects on postweaning responses of the offspring
Dr. Rodrigo Marques from School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, presented a study in which the effects of different sources of trace minerals on cow reproductive performance, fetal programming and the impact on postweaning offspring performance of beef cattle until slaughter were tested. A numerical improvement in overall subsequent pregnancy rate for the Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals (92.1%) compared with the inorganic (74.3%) and organic (75.2%) trace mineral sources for beef cattle was found. No treatment differences were detected in calf weaning BW and average daily gain from weaning to feedyard receiving. There was a tendency for a decrease in plasma haptoglobin at day 15 post-weaning for the calves from hydroxy trace mineral supplemented cows, which might indicate potential amelioration of inflammation. Feedyard growth performance and carcass traits of beef cattle were similar across treatments. Overall, different sources of trace minerals supplemented to late gestating beef cows yielded similar effects on offspring performance, whereas a po¬tential amelioration of inflammation was observed in calves born to beef cows fed hydroxy trace minerals during gestation.
Selko ASAS Abstract 23 | Physiological and health implications of trace mineral nutrition for beef.
Dr. Rodrigo Marques, School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, discusses the different trace minerals that are considered to be essential for beef cattle. Beef cattle obtain trace minerals from various sources, including forages, grains, supplements and water. However, the bioavailability of these minerals in beef cattle can be influenced by factors such as soil composition, forage type, and dietary interactions. Therefore, careful attention to mineral supplementation and management practices is necessary to meet the specific requirements of beef cattle at different stages of life and production. Understanding the importance of these micronutrients for beef cattle and implementing appropriate management practices can help ensure optimal performance and well-being of beef cattle herds, ultimately contributing to the efficiency and profitability of beef cattle operations.
Selko ASAS Abstract 22 | Effects of trace mineral source and chromium propionate supplementation on rumen fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers
The effects of trace mineral source and chromium propionate on rumen fermentation characteristics, plasma glucose and mineral concentrations, performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet were studied. Selko IntelliBond was included in a study that showed chromium supplementation and trace mineral source for beef cattle can influence feedlot steer performance, carcass characteristics, and rumen fermentation characteristics.
Selko ASAS Abstract 20 | Trace metal homeostasis in growing cattle
Apparent trace metal absorption and tissue retention can vary with incremental levels of supplemental Zn, Cu, and Mn. Four different levels of supplementation with Cu, Zn and Mn were studied in growing cattle. Whole-body Zn, Cu and Mn balance in cattle quadratically increased with increasing levels of trace mineral supplementation.
Selko ASAS Abstract 19 | Strategies to optimize the trace mineral status of weaned beef calves.
Trace mineral nutrition of pre-weaned beef calves is derived from tissue stores at birth, from milk and forage, and from trace mineral supplements for beef. In most production systems, beef calves are born with adequate trace mineral status, namely Cu, Zn, Mn and Se. One exception, however, is severe Se deficiency in the dam which may result in White Muscle Disease in Se-deficient beef calves shortly after birth. Despite general adequacy at birth, tissue concentrations of trace elements for beef often decrease during the pre-weaning period due to inadequacies in milk and trace mineral deficiency of forages. Dr. John Arthington from the University of Florida reviewed multiple pre-weaning mineral supplementation systems that have been shown to be effective for optimizing the trace mineral status of weaned beef calves. Differences in preference and intake of Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals vs. alternative sources were discussed.
Selko ASAS Abstract 18 | Impacts of supplementing sulphate vs. hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn on heifer growth performance and physiology during feed restriction and high-starch challenge periods.
Dr. Philipe Moriel from the University of Florida and Isabella Souza from the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, carried out a study in which they evaluated the effects of supplementing Nelore beef cattle with different sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn during feed restriction and high-starch challenge periods on heifer growth performance and physiology. They found that uptake of protein supplementation added with Selko IntelliBond hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn was higher and had positive effects on beef heifer growth performance during a high-starch challenge immediately following a period of feed restriction of beef cattle.
Selko ASAS Abstract 17 | Effects of trace mineral source on dry matter digestibility of silage and mineral absorption.
Copper, manganese and zinc, when coming from highly soluble sources in the rumen can strongly bind to diet fibre, which reduces intestinal absorp¬tion and DM digestibility in beef cattle. Dr. Fernando P. de Paula Leonel from the Federal University of São João del Rei presented a study in which he evaluated the digestibility of dry matter and the apparent absorption of Cu, Mn, and Zn in beef, comparing Selko IntelliBond with different trace minerals sources for beef cattle.
Selko ASAS Abstract 16 | Overview of trace minerals and considerations in defining their requirements
At least eight trace minerals are classified as essential trace minerals for beef cattle, based on identification of one or more metabolic functions. Essential trace minerals for beef cattle are under homeostatic control mechanisms that alter their absorption and/or excretion, resulting in tissue concentrations of most minerals being maintained within a fairly narrow range. Dr. Jerry W. Spears, North Carolina State University discusses NASEM requirements for beef cattle, including research that has indicated that continental Bos taurus breeds and Bos indicus breeds differ regarding metabolism of some of these trace elements for beef cattle.
TRS 153 TM IntelliBond | Trace mineral source impacts rumen trace mineral metabolism and fiber digestion in steers fed a medium-quality grass hay diet
Selko IntelliBond Z and C hydroxy trace minerals for cattle have low solubility in the rumen and appear to be less tightly bound to rumen digesta than Cu and Zn from sulfates. This reduces the risk of antagonism with other nutrients in the rumen and also improves rumen function and fibre digestibility.
TRS 151 TM IntelliBond| Effects of heat stress and dietary zinc source selection on performance and mammary epithelial integrity of lactating dairy cows
Heat stress in dairy cows reduces the ability of cows to deal with an LPS intramammary challenge and results in a strong decrease of dry matter intake, feed efficiency and milk production. Trace mineral source may have an impact on the ability of dairy cows to deal with heat stress. Selko IntelliBond Z was compared to Zn methionine in cows subjected to heat stress. Cows supplemented with Selko IntelliBond Z had a slightly higher milk fat production, a slight reduction of systemic inflammation and a slightly lower permeability of the mammary epithelium.
TRS 141 TM IntelliBond | TM Replacing inorganic trace minerals with Selko IntelliBond improves digestibility of key nutrients in beef cattle under tropical conditions
Several studies have shown that Selko IntelliBond trace minerals for cattle are less soluble in the rumen compared with inorganic sources such as sulphates. Reducing trace mineral solubility can significantly reduce the concentration of metal ions. High concentrations of certain metal ions can negatively affect the microbial digestion of fibre and other diet components in the rumen, thereby reducing the amount of energy available to the animal. A study in cattle fed diets typical for tropical conditions showed that complete replacement of sulphate-based trace minerals with Selko IntelliBond C, Z and M improves dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and crude protein digestibility in beef cattle diets. The improvements in nutrient digestion when hydroxide trace minerals are fed suggests that inorganic trace minerals are inhibitory to fibre-digesting microbes and/or that Selko IntelliBond supplementation is not inhibitory to fibre-digesting bacteria allowing for optimised fibre digestibility.
TRS 121 TM IntelliBond | The complete replacement of inorganic trace mineral sources (sulphates) with Selko® IntelliBond® C, Z and M can improve NDF and DM digestibility in cattle diets.
Over the past decade, multiple, independent research studies in ruminants have shown that Selko IntelliBond hydrochloride trace minerals are significantly less soluble in the rumen compared with inorganic sources. This difference reduces the concentration of ionized trace metals in the rumen, that have a negative impact on NDF and DM digestibility of cattle. Seven studies providing 11 comparisons were used in a quantitative analysis to determine whether trace mineral source of Cu, Zn and Mn affected NDF and DM digestibility of cattle. It was concluded that complete replacement of sulphate-based trace minerals with Selko IntelliBond C, Z and M improves NDF and DM digestibility in beef and dairy cattle diets. These digestion improvements suggest that inorganic trace minerals, such as sulphates are inhibitory to fibre digesting microbes and/or that Selko IntelliBond supplementation is not negatively impacting beneficial cellulolytic bacteria.
TRS 75 TM IntelliBond | Steers fed a high grain diet supplemented with Selko® IntelliBond® trace minerals have improved volatile fatty acid profiles
Previous research in cattle comparing the solubility of various organic and inorganic trace minerals sources has shown that Selko IntelliBond C (Cu) and Z (Zn) and M (Mn) were relatively insoluble at higher pH, but highly soluble at lower pH (>4.0), resulting in increased trace metal absorption and improved rumen function and fibre digestibility. Mineral source did not affect total nutrient digestibility in a high grain diet in this study. The study showed that supplementing steers Selko IntelliBond trace minerals did positively alter Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) profile, possibly as an effect of Selko IntelliBond Cu and Zn being significantly less soluble in the rumen.
TRS 71 TM IntelliBond | Selko® IntelliBond® and Selko® Optimin improve fibre digestibility in dairy cows relative to supplementation with inorganic minerals
Supplementing Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals significantly improves total tract NDF digestibility in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate Selko IntelliBond trace minerals compared to sulphate trace minerals across multiple digestibility components of dairy cows (Dry Matter Digestibility, Organic Matter Digestibility, Neutral Detergent Fibre Digestibility and Acid Detergent Fibre Digestibility) and to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of inorganic trace mineral source with Selko Optimin organic trace minerals. Supplementing Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals to dairy cows significantly improved all digestibility components compared to feeding sulphate minerals. Feeding dairy cows Selko Optimin at 30% of total supplemental trace minerals also significantly improve all digestibility components.
TRS 63 TM IntelliBond | Effect of zinc source on nutrient digestibility, zinc absorption and zinc retention in lambs
Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals for ruminants have strong covalent bonds and a unique crystalline structure that provides a proven source of copper, zinc and manganese to ruminants. Advantages of Selko IntelliBond include low rumen reactivity, high bioavailability and high mineral content. A study showed that lambs receiving supplemental zinc from Selko IntelliBond Z had greater dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility compared with lambs receiving supplemental zinc from zinc methionine.
TRS 50 TM IntelliBond | Selko® IntelliBond® trace minerals support oxidative balance and inflammatory status in transition dairy cows
It has been proven that Selko IntelliBond sources of trace minerals have improved bioavailability and will enhance the oxidative status and performance of dairy cows in early lactation, compared to sulphate sources of trace minerals. Holstein dairy cows were fed Selko IntelliBond trace minerals, equivalent amounts of sulphate trace minerals or a mixture of sulphates with organic trace mineral sources. The trial lasted between 21 days prior to calving and 28 days into lactation. Feeding Selko IntelliBond trace minerals improved oxidative status, reduced plasma haptoglobin levels and resulted in an increase of milk production.
TRS 39 TM IntelliBond | Selko® IntelliBond® trace minerals improve fibre digestibility in lactating dairy cows
Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals for dairy cattle have strong covalent bonds and a unique crystalline structure that provides a proven source of copper, zinc and manganese to dairy cattle. Selko IntelliBond hydroxy trace minerals are characterised by a low rumen reactivity. Differences in rumen solubility between trace mineral sources can impact fibre digestibility. Selko IntelliBond trace minerals were compared to sulphates in a trial in Holstein dairy cows, fed two different type of diets. Fibre digestibility and milk fatty acid composition was impacted by trace mineral source, suggesting Selko IntelliBond trace minerals did not inhibit rumen fermentation compared to sulphate mineral sources. Both trace mineral source and diet type altered milk fatty acid composition, suggesting differences in ruminal fermentation and fatty acid digestibility. Furthermore, fatty acid profile shifts for cows fed sulphate sources of trace minerals compared to cows fed Selko IntelliBond may reflect potential shifts in cellulolytic bacteria.
TRS 04 FS TMR | Selko TMR Dry and Selko TMR liquid efficacy test
Testing efficacy of Selko TMR liquid and Selko TMR dry on microbial development and temperature control. In a recent in-vitro lab test, the aim was to determine the efficacy of Selko TMR Dry and Selko TMR Liquid in controlling Total Mixed Ration (TMR) nonbeneficial microbial development and heating. The results of the test proved to be highly successful, showcasing the effectiveness of both products within a 24-hour period.
TRS 07 FS TMR | Selko TMR Dry in Autumn Italy
Once an animal is 30 days into lactation, the quality of the roughage is the only variable that can be used to improve performance. Selko TMR Dry can be used to improve quality of roughage at feeding and is therefore an essential product to improve sustainability of dairy farming. This study was performed at a well-managed farm, with high milk production and high hygiene standards but were having challenges in keeping the TMR fresh and prevent the heating of TMR even in the autumn season.
TRS 01 FS TMR | Selko TMR Liquid is non-corrosive
This Trial Report Summary explores the efficacy of Selko-TMR, a mix of organic acids designed to inhibit yeast activity in total mixed rations (TMR), preserving the feed's nutritional value. It compares Selko-TMR's metal corrosiveness with water and propionic acid, revealing Selko-TMR's similarity to water in terms of corrosiveness, based on a 27-day test.
TRS 02 FS TMR | Selko TMR effectively inhibits Saccharomyces cerevisiae
This Trial Report Summary examines the effectiveness of Selko-TMR versus potassium sorbate in controlling yeast proliferation in Total Mixed Rations (TMR). Through microbiological research, it highlights the rapid fermentation and nutritional degradation caused by yeast in TMR. The study finds that while low levels of both substances show no inhibition of S. cerevisiae, higher concentrations (starting at 0.06%) significantly reduce yeast activity, with Selko-TMR demonstrating a more potent effect.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Increase milk production by preserving the nutritional value of the dairy ration with Selko TMR
Growth of micro-organisms in a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) for dairy cows reduces both the palatability and feeding value of TMR. Mitigate the growth of microbes in TMR to prevent heating is a critical step in proper silage management. In this study, cows were suffering from heat stress and a good TMR quality helps cows to cope better with heat stress and maintain milk production. Although feed intake was not different in this study, dairy cows fed the treated TMR tended to have a more moderate milk production decline after peak production compared to the controls. As a result, the Selko TMR group tended to produce up to 1.7 kg/day more milk compared to the controls.
Selko EAAP Abstract | The effect of Selko Vivalto on milk production of highly productive cows
Several researchers have shown that B-vitamin supplements can improve milk yield, composition, and metabolic efficiency in highly productive dairy cows. Feeding a blend of fat protected B Vitamins to high yielding dairy cows has the potential to improve production performance over the transition period. The results of this study suggest high yielding dairy cows can benefit from B Vitamin supplementation over and above what is thought to be produced in the rumen.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Reducing energy consumption to dry alfalfa using Selko Fylax Forte HC – a field trial
Italian hay’s exporter harvest alfalfa on the field and then dry it in an industrial dryer. Targeting for a higher moisture level to reduce energy consumption for drying while maintaining shelf life can be a challenge but can lower the costs. The aim of this study was to reduce dryer’s energy consumption while preserving the product’s shelf life by proper moisture management in a challenging condition. This trial showed that the use of Selko Fylax Forte HC was effective in keeping alfalfa bales stable even at higher moisture levels which brought benefits in term of potential increase in volumes and reduced energy consumption.
TRS 111 TM IntelliBond | Selko IntelliBond trace minerals improve in vitro rumen fermentation compared to sulphate trace minerals
Compared to Selko IntelliBond, sulphate trace minerals reduce apparent organic matter disappearance (aOMD) in rumen fluid of dairy cows, tested in a 48 hour in vitro fermentation system. The use of Selko IntelliBond increased aOMD over both controls with no trace minerals added and the sulphate trace minerals. Sulphate trace minerals also increased apparent partitioning factor compared to Selko IntelliBond.
TRS 91 TM IntelliBond | Impacts of Selko IntelliBond copper, zinc and manganese on mature bull trace mineral status and spermatozoa characteristics.
Selko IntelliBond improved Cu and Zn status in breeding sires compared to anorganic trace minerals. Supplementation of bulls with Selko IntelliBond improved semen quality. Sperm progressive motility and concentration were increased.
TRS 70 TM IntelliBond | Selko IntelliBond trace minerals may improve feed intake and fibre digestion in lactating Holstein cows on a corn silage diet
Corn silage with higher NDF results in improved milk yield over conventional silage. Cows fed Selko IntelliBond have increased DMI (+0.6kg/day) and NDF digestion (+0.29kg/day) when compared to cows fed sulphate trace minerals. Selko IntelliBond trace minerals tend to improve NDF digestibility (+2.0 points).
TRS 92 TM IntelliBond | Effects of simulated rainfall on metal loss from three different trace mineral sources.
Selko IntelliBond trace minerals have significantly less metal loss than sulfate and organic sources when tested in a simulated 2 and 4 inch rainfall event in both a simple salt-based formulation and a complete free-choice mineral mix.
TRS 37 FS TOXO HP-R | Selko Toxo® HP-R reduces the chronic adverse effects of Fusarium mycotoxins in dairy cows
Trial carried out by Professor Gallo from the Piacenza University. Cows were challenged with Fusarium mycotoxins. If they were fed TMR with Selko Toxo HP-R, milk production increased by 1.72 kg per day and the milk was more suitable for cheese production.
Selko Research Article | Effects of Supplementation of a Mycotoxin Mitigation Feed Additive in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Fusarium Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diet for an Extended Period
This study assessed the impact of a mycotoxin mitigation product, Selko Toxo HP-R on lactating dairy cows exposed to Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diets for an extended period. Selko Toxo HP-R, containing smectite clays, yeast cell walls, and antioxidants, was found to mitigate mycotoxin-related negative effects on milk yield and quality, particularly in terms of protein, casein, and lactose. While the mycotoxin diet led to lower milk yield and feed efficiency, Selko Toxo HP-RR limited the adverse effects on clotting parameters. The results shed light on mycotoxin risks for dairy cows' performance, milk quality, and cheese-making traits, emphasizing the benefits of Selko Toxo HP-R supplementation. Further research is needed to assess immune-metabolic responses and diet digestibility.
Selko Research Article | Enhancing dairy cow performance and fertility with prepartum and postpartum Selko LactiBute supplementation
D. J. Seymour, M. V. Sanz-Fernandez, J. B. Daniel, J. Martín-Tereso, and J. Doelman
Supplementing dairy cattle with Selko LactiBute before and after calving yielded promising results. Cattle receiving Selko LactiBute both pre- and postpartum had increased milk protein, fat, and energy-corrected milk yields during weeks 4 to 9 of lactation. Conversely, cattle receiving Selko LactiBute exclusively postpartum showed higher yields during weeks 9 to 14 of lactation. Additionally, prepartum Selko LactiBute led to earlier pregnancy confirmation. These outcomes suggest potential benefits in improving milk production and reproductive outcomes, possibly by reducing gut inflammation and affecting energy balance.
Selko Research Article | Enhancing dairy herd performance with Selko LactiBute supplementation
M.V. Sanz-Fernandez, D.J. Seymour 1, J.B. Daniel, J. Doelman, J. Martín-Tereso:
Selko LactiBute supplementation was studied in six commercial dairy herds with 907 lactating Holstein cows. Selko LactiBute, designed for hindgut fermentation, improved milk yield (3.6%), protein content (1%), protein yield (4.6%), and lactose yield (3.4%). It also showed a tendency to increase energy-corrected milk (3.1%). The analysis confirmed the effectiveness of Selko LactiBute in enhancing farm-level performance, rectifying underperformance relative to predictions during the control period. This study underscores the potential of Selko LactiBute as a prebiotic supplement for improving dairy cow productivity and milk composition in commercial settings.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Early lactation trial with Selko Vivalto
Numerous studies have suggested supplementing B vitamins can have positive impacts on performance and reproduction. The objective of this study was to test the impact of a blend of fat encapsulated B Vitamins (Selko Vivalto) on dry matter intake, milk yield and milk components in high performing dairy cattle. The treatment group received FeB from 4 days in milk till 200 days in milk. Feeding a blend of fat protected B Vitamins to high yielding dairy cows has the potential to improve production performance and overall feed efficiency. The results of this study suggest high yielding dairy cows can benefit from B Vitamin supplementation with Selko Vivalto over and above what is thought to be produced in the rumen.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Impact on milk production of feeding Selko Renergy during pre and post-partum period
The impact of a mixture of organic acids (Selko Renergy) on milk production was tested in a trial with 4 groups of 18 cows. The Selko Renergy organic acids were fed to a pre-partum group from day -21 until calving, to a post-partum group from calving until 28 days in milk and continuously from -21 to 28 days in milk, whereas 1 group served as a controls. Feeding the mixture of organic acids both pre and post-partum significantly improved post-partum ECM production over no feeding the organic acid mixture.
TRS 03 FS TMR | Selko TMR Liquid Kempenshof trial
Preserving Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with Selko TMR benefits dairy cow milk production during high-temperature periods. Heat stress can reduce dry matter intake (DMI), affecting overall performance. In this study, despite a slight decrease in DMI during the adaptation period, cows fed TMR with Selko-TMR produced 1.7 kg/day more milk than the control group. This positive trend extended to milk protein, fat, and lactose yield. While milk fat and protein levels remained consistent, the use of Selko TMR helped maintain milk yield and overall herd performance during heat stress conditions, making it a valuable choice for dairy farmers.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Mycotoxin-deactivating Selko Toxo HP-R supplementation in dairy cows fed Fusarium-contaminated diet
Limited scientific evidence on Fusarium mycotoxins impact is available in dairy cow performance and health, especially after longer exposition time. Also, information on the effects of these mycotoxins on milk cheese-making parameters is very poor. The objective of this study was to evaluate Selko Toxo HP-R in lactating dairy cows fed a Fusarium-mycotoxin contaminated diet, and the repercussions on cows’ health status and feeding behaviour, milk yield and quality, in term of cheese-making traits. The mycotoxin contaminated diet had a lower milk yield and feed efficiency than the Controls and Selko Toxo HP-R diets.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Impact of Selko IntelliBond and water/feed deprivation on performance and metabolism of grass-fed beef
Two studies investigated how sources of Cu/Zn (including Selko IntelliBond) and 48 hours water/feed deprivation affects performance and metabolism of grass-feed beef cattle. Water/feed deprivation were able to impact nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters. After deprivation, animals receiving Selko IntelliBond were able to compensate, recovering BW faster, resulting in no performance differences between deprived and unrestricted feed and water. Additionally, Selko IntelliBond increased liver Cu and increased dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, although no changes in performance were observed when compared to inorganic trace minerals.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Life cycle assessment of Selko IntelliBond on the carbon footprint of a dairy farm
Pressure from milk processors on farmers to reduce their carbon footprint continues to increase. Thus, a life cycle assessment accessing the impact of Selko IntelliBond trace minerals was conducted by an independent, third-party expert, to determine its impact on the carbon footprint of dairy cattle. Data from this evaluation indicates that a reduction of the carbon footprint of 1.5-2.0% per kg of ECM can be expected when sulphates are replaced by Selko IntelliBond.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Effect of Selko LactiBute on hindgut dynamics and nutrient partitioning
Selko LactiBute containing rumen protected calcium gluconate fed as a dietary supplement has been consistently shown to increase milk and component yields in dairy cattle under both research and practical conditions. These responses are thought to be mediated by improvements in post-ruminal barrier function upon fermentation in the hindgut. Although its exact mechanism of action is currently unknown. Evidence from the available studies point to beneficial effects at different levels. The beneficial effects of Selko LactiBute on milk performance might be partially mediated by an improved barrier function, reducing the energetic requirements of intestinal damage and leaky gut, allowing for improved whole-body bioenergetics, and ultimately increased performance.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Selko LactiBute improves lactational performance
The effect of rumen protected calcium gluconate (Selko LactiBute) was tested in 3 dairy farms. Milk recording data were compared to predicted production based on genetic potential of each of the 3 dairy herds included in the trial. On all three dairy herds the persistence of milk production in cows fed Selko LactiBute rumen protected calcium gluconate was improved with up to 1.8 kg of extra milk per cow per day under standard conditions and up to 2.7 kg per cow per day when facing a respiratory disease challenge.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Effect of Selko IntelliBond and other mineral sources on 48-h in vitro fermentation
Four trials investigated the impact of trace mineral (TM) sources on in vitro fermentation. The first trial compared copper, zinc, and manganese inclusion between sulphate and Selko IntelliBond. The second trial assessed various manganese sources. The third trial examined different manganese sources, while the fourth trial focused on zinc sources. Selko IntelliBond showed promise in improving microbial biomass production and organic matter disappearance, suggesting its potential benefits in enhancing in vitro fermentation compared to other sources.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Effects of Selko LactiBute supplementation on lactation performance and fertility in multiparous dairy cattle
This study investigates the impact of Selko LactiBute supplementation on dairy cattle during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Selko LactiBute potentially reduces inflammation and enhances energy status. While no significant effects on culling or production were observed, cows supplemented with Selko LactiBute tended to return to oestrus earlier and achieve peak lactation sooner, possibly improving fertility and reproductive outcomes.
Selko EAAP Abstract | The impact of Selko IntelliBond C and Selko Intellibond Z on performance and ruminal bacteria diversity
Two studies examined the impact of trace mineral (TM) source on grazing beef cattle. The first study with 120 Nellore males found that hydroxy TM (HTM) improved average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight compared to inorganic TM (ITM). In the second study with cannulated Nellore steers, HTM supplementation increased the abundance of certain ruminal bacteria, such as Prevotella 1 and Ruminococcaceae, while decreasing others like Fibrobacter. These findings suggest that HTM enhances both cattle performance and the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rumen.
Selko EAAP Abstract | Rumen protected Selko LactiBute increases average daily gain of beef
Calcium gluconate, as a prebiotic, enhances hindgut health and has demonstrated benefits in dairy cattle, elevating milk production. A study in steers revealed that it increased volatile fatty acids in the caecum and colon. In a trial with beef calves on a Spanish farm, those fed Selko LactiBute rumen protected calcium gluconate exhibited lower faecal pH (5.8 vs. 6.2), reduced faecal starch (15.6% vs. 19.7%), and increased daily weight gain (8% in females, 7% in males).
