SELKO TMR

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Preserve the value of your dairy ration with Selko-TMR

Figure 1: Effect of fermentation on sugar level and dry matter percentage of an untreated TMR. Sugar level was reduced by 50% over a period of 24 hours.

The impact of elevated temperatures on quality of dairy feed

Fresh TMR for dairy cows contains yeasts, moulds and bacteria that can reduce the quality of the dairy ration. Growth of these micro-organisms leads to heating and fermentation, which reduces both the palatability and the feeding value of the ration. Particularly the easily fermentable proteins, carbohydrates and starch are fermented into water and CO2 (see Figure 1) reducing the dry matter and therefore nutritional value of the dairy feed.

Growth of micro-organisms and fermentation in TMR of dairy cows starts once the ingredients have been exposed to oxygen in the air and results in an increase of the temperature of the TMR. On a warm day in the summer, increases of more than 20°C are not uncommon. Once environmental temperatures start rising, performance of the dairy herd is under pressure for two reasons. Firstly, dairy cows could potentially suffer from heat stress resulting in a decrease of dry matter intake. Secondly, the reduction of palatability and feeding value resulting from heating of the TMR will lead to a further reduction of dry matter intake of dairy cattle.

Selko-TMR, dosage and administration

Treating the TMR

The standard amount of Selko-TMR to be added to dairy feed is 1.5 liters of Selko-TMR per 1000 kg of TMR.

Selko TMR liquid Selko TMR Dry
Standard amount 1.5 liters per 1000kg of TMR 1.5 kg per 1000kg of TMR
If the risk of fermentation and heating is high 2.0 liters per 1000kg of TMR 2.0kg per 1000kg of TMR

Indicators of a higher risk of fermentation and heating
  • If grass silage with more than 45% of dry matter or corn silage with more than 38% dry matter is included in the TMR of dairy cattle
  • If the cutting edge of the silage is irregular
  • If water is being added to the dairy TMR
  • If the environmental temperature is above 21 °C
  • the feeding frequency is once per 2 days
  • a premix of ingredients is being made

Treating the cutting edge of the silage

When a silage is sensitive for fermentation and heating at the cutting edge, the surface can be treated with Selko-TMR in order to slow down the fermentation. Spray 0.25 liter of Selko-TMR per square meter cutting surface.

Treating the top layer of the silage

If moulding of the top layer of the silage is a problem, Selko-TMR can be used at a dose of 0.5 liter of Selko-TMR per square meter.

Selko | solutions based on science

Increase your milk production by improving fibre digestibility

Contact your local Selko IntelliBond representative for more information

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Selko | Solutions based science

Manage hindgut health to maintain dairy performance with Selko® LactiBute.

Contact your local Selko specialist
for a free consult.

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Figure 2: Effect of Selko TMR Dry on the growth of yeast in a TMR after 12 and 24 hours

Figure 3: Temperature stability of a TMR treated with Selko TMR Dry compared to untreated TMR.

Figure 4: Increase in temperature of a TMR treated with Selko-TMR compared to a TMR treated with potassium sorbate and a untreated TMR.

Selko-TMR for dairy cows

Selko-TMR is a blend of organic acids that reduces the growth of yeasts, moulds and bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae like Salmonella. Studies showed that yeast count in TMR treated with Selko TMR Dry was around 91% lower at 12 hours and around 83% lower at 24 hours after TMR production compared to untreated control (Figure 2)

In the same study it was found that, as a result of the reduction in growth of yeast growth, increases in temperature of the TMR are delayed by at least 12 hours in TMR treated with Selko-TMR Dry (Figure 3).

Comparable effect are seen with Selko TMR liquid which delayed the increase of temperature by at least 6 hours in TMR treated with Selko-TMR liquid (Figure 4).

Figure 5. Effect of 2kg/mt Selko TMR added to the TMR of dairy cows on average milk yield (kg/cow/day). (*p=0.07)

Maintain relatively higher milk yields for an extended period

Brew of TMR reduces the nutritional value and affects palatability leading to a further reduction of feed intake, impacting animal performance. A study with Selko TMR liquid at Trouw Nutrition dairy research centre (Kempenshof, the Netherlands) showed that keeping TMR fresh helps to maintain relatively higher milk yields later in lactation and a less steep milk production decline later in lactation. At the start of the study, there was an insignificant difference of 0.3 kg/day (p=0.52) of milk production between the treatment groups. This difference increased towards the end of the study with the cows fed the TMR with Selko-TMR producing 1.7 kg/day more milk compared to the control (p=0.07; Figure 5).

Download research and documentation

You can access all of our documentation such as the science behind Selko research documents, Selko technical bulletins about transition management and technical product data sheets or feeding schedules.

Preserve the value of your feed

Selko-TMR is a blend of organic acids reducing growth of yeasts, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella in silage of dairy cows. The reduction in growth of micro-organisms delays increases in temperature of the TMR for at least 6 hours, Silages treated with Selko-TMR maintain their feeding value and palatabilty, resulting in a higher intake of dry matter.

Download the product brochure to learn how Selko-TMR helps to preserve the value of your feed.

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